![]() hydrophilic, as well as the size of side chains. Some of the important properties of side chains include acidic, basic, or neutral, hydrophobic vs. The chemical and physical properties of the side chains provide the functionally important properties to amino acids. Image Source: Techguy78, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. The amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) are the same for all amino acids but the side chain (R group) is specific for each amino acid. Thus, amino acids do not assume a neutral form in an aqueous environment. In the physiological range, both the carboxylic acid and amino groups are completely ionized allowing amino acids to act as either an acid or a base. Except for the amino acid proline, they all consist of a central carbon atom covalently bonded to an amino group, a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group (Figure 1). Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. ![]()
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